Complementary Roles of Hippocampus and Medial Entorhinal Cortex in Episodic Memory

Spatial mapping and navigation are figured prominently in the extant literature that describes hippocampal function. The medial entorhinal cortex is likewise attracting increasing interest, insofar as evidence accumulates that this area also contributes to spatial information processing. Here, we discuss recent electrophysiological findings that offer an alternate view of hippocampal and medial entorhinal function. These findings suggest complementary contributions of the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex in support of episodic memory, wherein hippocampal networks encode sequences of events that compose temporally and spatially extended episodes, whereas medial entorhinal networks disambiguate overlapping episodes by binding sequential events into distinct memories.National Institute of Mental Health Grants (MH51570, MH071702); National Science Foundation (Science of Learning Center grant SBE-0354378

Appraisal of a semi intensive prawm farm at Kanjramkudi, Ramanathapuram

Based on background Information eind analyses of data collected, the farm appears to be a well maintained and well managed one. However, a serious disease problem was reported in a feirm about 3 km away, where the same creek water was used. Arun Aqua Farm stopped pumping water for a few days to prevent introduction of the pathogens. They were also advised to reduce feeding and operate paddle wheel aerators more frequentl

Isolation and application of marine natural products

The marine bioactive compounds or Marine natural products (MNPs) offer avenues for developing cost-effective, safe and potent novel drugs and other useful products. MNPs are organic compounds produced by microbes, sponges, seaweeds, and other marine organisms. The host organism biosynthesizes these compounds as non-primary or secondary metabolites to protect themselves and to maintain homeostasis in their environment. In the decade from 1977 to 1987, around 2500 new metabolites (MNPs) were reported from marine organisms ranging from microbes to fish. According to Dr. S.Z. Qasim, less than 1.0% of the total marine organisms have only been examined for MNPs research. Perusal of literature indicated that even the seawater has bactericidal properties. This could be attributed to the production of antibiotics by planktonic algae and bacteria respectively. Considering such vast resource, holistic approach of pharmacological research has to be given to develop potent therapeutics

Studies on the culture of Heteropneustes fossilis in cages

Emphasis is being given nowadays to increase the unit area production by way of improved intensive culture methods. To this direction, the system of culturing fish in cages has gained much importance (Natarajan, 1976)

Shrimp diseases and control

Shrimp farming has become a highly competitive and lucrative venture all along the coasts oflndia (MPEDA, 1993) and in many of the Asian countries (Subasinghe and Shariff, 1994) in the recent past. Emphasis is given to enhance the unit area production by semi-intensive and intensive shrimp culture techniques which include high density stocking, fertilising and feeding. The results of experiments on intensive culture of shrimps indicate that their production could surpass the production of crops or fish to many folds

Rapid methods for diagnosis of fish and shellfish pathogens

Immunoassays take advantage of the natural specificity of antibodies toward foreign objects. The immunoassays can utilize polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies in a variety of formats to provide rapid detection of infectious agents. Among these, monoclonal antibodies are favored due to their high degree of specificity

Prospects of paddy-cum-fish culture in the north eastern region of India

In the North - Eastern Region, rice forms the staple food of the people and is cultivated in hill terraces and valleys, Many paddy fields in this region remain flooded almost throughout the, year because of the charactristic high rain fall encountered, Further, due to the constant water stagnation ,many paddy fields have also become swampy in the lowlying valley area

Bacterial diseases in fish and shellfish, their diagnosis and management - Winter school on recent advances in diagnosis and management of diseases in mariculture, 7th to 27th November 2002, Course Manual

Disease problem in aquaculture is currently an important constraint to the growth of aquaculture, which has impacted both socio-economic development and rural livelihoods in some countries (FAO, 2000). The recent increased awareness about such disease hazards in fish and shellfish farming has led the researchers to ponder the best ways to manage them. It is well known that increased diseases occurrences facilitate the transfer of pathogenic organisms among and within adjoining countries

Fish fauna of Tripura

The ichthyofauna collected from the sub Himalayan region of Tripura from 1976 to 1981 reveals the presence of 93 species of fish belong to 26 families and 11 orders. Among these Rasbora elanga (Ham), Lobeo nandina (Ham), Lepidocephaius berdmorei (Ham), Somilepteus gongota (Ham), Glyptothorax cavia (Ham), Glyptothorax telchilta (Ham), Hara hara (Ham) and Apocryptes balo (C and V) have been recorded for the first time. Common names of many fishes and location of collection with, notes on new occurrences are given

Conservation mariculture - breeding of seahorses and sacred chanks- Winter School on Recent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of Marine Finfish and Shellfish

Seahorses are fascinating fin fishes in the marine environment. Seahorses have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for more than 600 years (Vincent, 1995). They are reported in TCM to play a role in increasing and balancing vital energy flows within the body, and as a curative for ailments like asthma, impotency, high cholesterol, goiter, kidney disorders and skin diseases such as severe acne. Although seahorses are considered to be difficult-tokeep fishes in the aquarium, they are among the most popular. The captive aquarium seahorses are wild caught, coming from Indonesia, Philippines and being exported to North America, Europe and Japan (Vincent, 1996). These fishes are also used as curios like jewels, paper weight, key chains and other items owing to their extraordinary shape, the ease with which they dry and their series of external body plates that enable them to retain shape even after death